Recientemente se ha publicado RDL 11/2020, por el que se adoptan medidas urgentes complementarias en el ámbito social y económico para hacer frente al COVID-19 (BOE de 1 de abril de 2020) que regula un subsidio extraordinario por falta de actividad para las personas integradas en el régimen especial de empleados de hogar del régimen general de la Seguridad Social (arts. 30 a 32 de dicho Real Decreto Ley). Se trata de un subsidio extraordinario porque las empleadas de hogar no cotizan al desempleo, por lo tanto no existe derecho a la prestación o subsidio por desempleo para ellas por esta actividad[1].
Os destacamos a continuación seis puntos sobre este subsidio:
- A quién se dirige (beneficiarias):
Se dirige a aquellas trabajadoras dadas de alta como empleadas de hogar en Seguridad Social[2] antes de que se decretara el estado de alarma[3] y,
- o bien han dejado de prestar los servicios que venía prestando de forma temporal a tiempo completo o parcial en uno o varios domicilios;
- o bien, han sido despedidas [4]o se ha producido la causa específica de extinción para esta relación de trabajo: el desistimiento[5] de su empleador;
- y ambas situaciones se deben a la necesidad de confinamiento decretada con el estado de alarma para evitar el riesgo de contagio y por tanto, son involuntarias.
2. Cuantía del subsidio:
El 70% de la base reguladora (base de cotización[6]) que se calculará de forma diferente en función del número de empleadorxs que tenga la empleada de hogar:
- Si trabajas para unx empleadorx:
- Y te has quedado totalmente sin actividad: vas a recibir el 70% de la base reguladora que no puede ser más del Salario Mínimo Interprofesional mensual (950 euros) sin contar la parte proporcional de pagas extraordinarias[7].
- Te has quedado parcialmente sin actividad: vas a recibir una cantidad proporcional al porcentaje de jornada reducida.
- Si trabajas para varixs empleadorxs:
- la suma de las bases reguladoras de cada trabajo, multiplicando el 70%, con el mismo límite del SMI mensual.
- Si se ha reducido la jornada en todos o en algún trabajo: se suman las cantidades, descontando a cada una el % de reducción que tenga en cada actividad
- Y, si, quitando las pagas extras prorrateadas mensualmente, el resultado superara el SMI mensual, se prorrateará esa cantidad entre todas las bases de cotización de cada trabajo obtenidas en el mes anterior al estado de alarma a las que se descuenta el % de reducción de jornada.
3. Qué documentos deberás presentar:
- Si has dejado de prestar servicios de forma temporal: una declaración responsable[8] de la/s persona/s empleadora/s.
- Si te han despedido/han desistido: la carta de despido/ comunicación del desistimiento de la persona empleadora o documentación acreditativa de la baja[9] en el Sistema Especial de Empleados del Hogar del Régimen General de la Seguridad Social.
4. Este subsidio es compatible con: tener otros ingresos que provengan de tu trabajo como autónoma o trabajadora por cuenta ajena, hasta el mismo límite en conjunto del SMI (950 euros al mes en 14 pagas).
5. Este subsidio es incompatible con: con el subsidio por incapacidad temporal (estar de baja por enfermedad) y con el cobro del Permiso Retribuido Recuperable[10].
6. Quién te paga este subsidio: el SEPE (mensualmente), por lo tanto, es a éste al que lo deberás solicitarlo (ojo, no es el SAE), una vez se publique el procedimiento para su solicitud y tramitación, por lo que estaremos atentas para informaros sobre los formularios, la forma de tramitación y los plazos de presentación.
Noelia Rodríguez Suárez
[1] Salvo que tengan cotizaciones anteriores por otros trabajos donde sí se cotice a desempleo.
[2] Se trata de un Sistema Especial de Seguridad Social.
[3] Real Decreto 463/2020, de 14 de marzo, por el que se declara el estado de alarma para la gestión de la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID-19 (BOE 14 marzo 2020).
[4] Art. 11.2 del Real Decreto 1620/2011, de 14 de noviembre, por el que se regula la relación laboral de carácter especial del servicio del hogar familiar y Art. 49.1 k del Estatuto de los Trabajadores, se trata de un despido disciplinario, ya que no se aplica a esta relación al despido por fuerza mayor, el despido colectivo y el despido objetivo. En caso de demanda por despido, si se declara éste improcedente, el empleador debe abonar al trabajador una indemnización equivalente a 20 días naturales del salario multiplicado por el número de años de servicio, con el límite de 12 mensualidades, que tendrá que abonarse íntegramente en metálico
[5] Art. 11.3 del Real Decreto 1620/2011, de 14 de noviembre, por el que se regula la relación laboral de carácter especial del servicio del hogar familiar. Se produce en cualquier momento antes de que termine el tiempo convenido en el contrato. Debe mediar un preaviso entre veinte y siete días, dependiendo de si la duración del contrato es superior a un año o inferior a éste, respectivamente y desde el 1 de enero de 2012, el empleador debe poner a disposición del trabajador la indemnización de forma simultánea a la comunicación de la extinción, que equivale al salario de doce días naturales por año de servicio con un límite de seis mensualidades que debe ser pagado en metálico.
[6] Es lo que cobras en nómina el mes anterior, no lo que te ingresan en el banco. La base reguladora diaria es la base de cotización de la empleada de hogar en el mes anterior al hecho causante, dividida entre 30. Si la empleada de hogar prestaba varios trabajos, la base reguladora se calcula por cada uno.
[7] Por tanto, 950 multiplicado por 12 pagas.
[8] La fecha de este documento constituye el hecho causante del subsidio, por tanto, te pagarán a partir del día que indique el documento, si es jornada reducida.
[9] La baja en SS constituye el hecho causante del subsidio, por tanto, te pagarán a partir del día de la baja si es a tiempo completo.
[10] Regulado en el Real Decreto-ley 10/2020, de 29 de marzo, por el que se regula un permiso para las personas trabajadoras por cuenta ajena que no presten servicios esenciales, con el fin de reducir la movilidad de la población en el contexto de la lucha contra el COVID-19.
[…] – ¿Cómo solicitan el subsidio las trabajadoras domésticas? […]
Acabamos de publicar una entrada (ya-esta-aprobado-el-procedimiento: https://abogadas.coop/ya-esta-aprobado-el-procedimiento/) enlazando a la resolución y a la sede electrónica del SEPE. Si necesitáis algún dato más, no dudéis en comunicárnoslo. Gracias
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